Technical Difficulties Research Articles

Noncultured Trypsinized Epidermal Cell Suspension Transplantation After Cryoblebbling Versus Noncultured Nontrypsinized Epidermal Cell Graft Homogenized With Plasma Gel After Dermabrasion for Stable Vitiligo.

Vitiligo treatment is challenging, especially for resistant and stable vitiligo, which requires surgical management. Noncultured epidermal cell suspension has been modified to enhance the treatment outcomes. Comparison of autologous noncultured trypsinized epidermal cell suspension in recipient site prepared by cryoblebbling and noncultured nontrypsinized epidermal cell graft homogenized with plasma gel in recipient site prepared by dermabrasion for stable vitiligo treatment. Interventional comparative study on 30 patients with stable vitiligo, randomly divided into 2 equal groups. Group A: noncultured trypsinized epidermal cell suspension for recipient prepared by cryoblebbling. Group B: noncultured nontrypsinized epidermal cell graft homogenized with plasma gel for recipient prepared by dermabrasion. Afterward, both groups received 3 months of narrow-band ultraviolet B phototherapy. The plasma gel group showed a significantly earlier onset of repigmentation and faster healing (p = .002* and <.001*, respectively). Overall, repigmentation was higher in the plasma gel group (p = .037* at the end of the second month). Color matching and patient satisfaction were higher in the plasma gel group, without statistical significance. The cryobleb group showed more recipient site complications, and the plasma gel procedure was relatively easier and cheaper. Plasma gel modification is cost-effective, less time-consuming, does not require trypsinization, and provides rapid, satisfactory, and uniform repigmentation. Cryoblebbing and trypsinization are effective; however, there are more technical difficulties, delayed healing, and delayed onset of repigmentation.

Construction of a nomogram model to predict technical difficulty in performing laparoscopic sphincter-preserving radical resection for rectal cancer

BACKGROUND Colorectal surgeons are well aware that performing surgery for rectal cancer becomes more challenging in obese patients with narrow and deep pelvic cavities. Therefore, it is essential for colorectal surgeons to have a comprehensive understanding of pelvic structure prior to surgery and anticipate potential surgical difficulties. AIM To evaluate predictive parameters for technical challenges encountered during laparoscopic radical sphincter-preserving surgery for rectal cancer. METHODS We retrospectively gathered data from 162 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic radical sphincter-preserving surgery for rectal cancer. Three-dimensional reconstruction of pelvic bone and soft tissue parameters was conducted using computed tomography (CT) scans. Operative difficulty was categorized as either high or low, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify predictors of operative difficulty, ultimately creating a nomogram. RESULTS Out of 162 patients, 21 (13.0%) were classified in the high surgical difficulty group, while 141 (87.0%) were in the low surgical difficulty group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the surgical approach using laparoscopic intersphincteric dissection, intraoperative preventive ostomy, and the sacrococcygeal distance were independent risk factors for highly difficult laparoscopic radical sphincter-sparing surgery for rectal cancer (P &lt; 0.05). Conversely, the anterior-posterior diameter of pelvic inlet/sacrococcygeal distance was identified as a protective factor (P &lt; 0.05). A nomogram was subsequently constructed, demonstrating good predictive accuracy (C-index = 0.834). CONCLUSION The surgical approach, intraoperative preventive ostomy, the sacrococcygeal distance, and the anterior-posterior diameter of pelvic inlet/sacrococcygeal distance could help to predict the difficulty of laparoscopic radical sphincter-preserving surgery.

Municipal Geothermal Systems: Evaluation of Three Hungarian Cases

Geothermal energy holds great potential for a sustainable future, as it is a clean and weather-independent form of energy. In addition to energy production, it can also serve the population of a region through direct use. In this paper, three municipal geothermal systems (Szarvas, Nagyszénás, Békéscsaba) in the same Hungarian region which have been recently installed or expanded are presented and analysed. Here, the direct usage of geothermal energy for heating purposes is a very important issue. The three systems show several differences and to some extent face different challenges in the various phases of the projects. Particular attention has been paid to engineering solutions to the problems that arise. The challenges, such as technical difficulties during installation, maintenance difficulties, or problems arising during operation are introduced. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of similar geothermal systems were summarized, based on the relevant literature. These points were evaluated by their appearance and characteristics in the examined systems. This study aims to provide insights, based on recently gained experiences, into geothermal projects, thus providing feedback and practical information for researchers and practitioners.

Pre-procedural and intra-procedural computerized tomography: providing a roadmap for successful adrenal venous sampling procedures.

Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is used for the diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism. Technical difficulties with right adrenal vein (RAV) catheterization can lead to erroneous results. Our purpose was to delineate the location of the RAV on pre-procedural CT imaging in relation to the location identified during AVS and to report on the impact of successful RAV cannulation with and without the use of intra-procedural CT scanning. Retrospective case series including patients who underwent AVS from October 2000 to September 2022. Clinical and laboratory values were abstracted from the electronic medical record. Successful cannulation of the RAV was defined as a selectivity index > 3. 110 patients underwent 124 AVS procedures. Pre-AVS CT imaging was available for 118 AVS procedures. The RAV was identified in 61 (51.7%) CT datasets. Biochemical confirmation of successful RAV cannulation occurred in 98 (79.0%) of 124 AVS procedures. There were 52 (85.2%) procedures in which the RAV was identified on pre-AVS CT and there was biochemical confirmation of successful RAV sampling. Among these 52 procedures, the RAV was localized during AVS at the same anatomic level or within 1 vertebral body level cranial to the level identified on pre-AVS CT in 98.1% of cases. The rate of successful RAV cannulation was higher in patients who underwent intra-procedural CT (93.8% versus 63.9%), P < 0.01. Pre-AVS and intra-procedural CT images provide an invaluable roadmap that resulted in a higher rate of accurate identification of the RAV and successful AVS procedures; in particular, searchfor the RAV orifice during AVS can be limitedto 1 vertebral body cranial to the level identified on pre-AVS CT imaging and successful cannulation can be confidently verified with intra-procedural CT.

Hazard comparison of thermal runaway of electric marine battery cabinet under different trigger modes

Currently, the transportation industry, especially shipping, is still accompanied by serious carbon emissions and pollution. Electric ships are the most promising way to solve this problem. However, the application of electric ships in maritime affairs also faces many technical difficulties. This paper studies the heat generation and heat transfer in electric Marine battery cabinets (EMBC). Based on the Multi-Scale and Multi-Domain (MSMD) solution method, this study uses the Newman, Tiedemann, Gu, and Kim (NTGK) battery model to solve the thermal runaway propagation (TRP) of the EMBC, and then makes a visual analysis of the TRP of the EMBC with the three-layer Battery module (BM) structure. Furthermore, the TRP of the three-layer BM is compared based on three different triggering modes. Through analysis and comparison, it is found that among the three TR triggering modes: single battery heating, heat source at the bottom of the module, and heat source at the top. The first mode corresponds to a maximum heat release (HR) of 214.7 GJ, while the third mode exhibits a minimum HR of 212.3 GJ. Furthermore, the maximum temperature reached by the battery under the third mode is 1568 K, which is lower than that achieved in the other two modes. Additionally, it should be noted that the second mode has a higher maximum HR rate of 5772 GW/m3 compared to the third mode. The TR hazard resulting from heating at the bottom of the battery module outweighs that caused by heating at the top, without taking into account human-induced heating factors. The propagation of TR triggered by a single heat source throughout the EMBC can be inhibited within 226 s in the same layer, and prevented from spreading to the remaining layers for up to 596 s. In the present study, a new insight is presented to reveal the TR characteristics of the EMBC under different triggering modes, and quantify the TR duration.

Recent development in high temperature superconductor: Principle, materials, and applications

Superconducting materials, discovered in the early twentieth century, have fascinated scientists with their unique attributes. This review provides a thorough exploration of superconductivity, tailored for newcomers, aiming to be a foundational resource for future research. It traces the evolution of different superconductors, including traditional, cuprate, and non-copper oxide types, detailing their specific characteristics. Central to the review is the examination of theoretical foundations, particularly the BCS theory, and the diverse applications of superconductors in high-performance magnets, energy transmission, and quantum computing. However, the practical deployment of superconductors is limited by challenges, notably their operation at extremely low temperatures, hindering widespread use. Furthermore, economic and technical difficulties in production and maintenance persist. To advance superconductors' potential, research must focus on enhancing critical temperatures and current density and developing cost-effective manufacturing techniques. This will enable novel applications in energy, transportation, and healthcare, driving technological progress.

Drifting towards multidimensional collaborative innovation: the co-evolution of collaboration networks and policy in China’s nuclear power industry

Purpose Nuclear power is a stable and reliable energy source that can improve energy structure while reducing carbon emissions, which is of great significance for environmental protection and combating climate change. As a unique industry, it is facing rare development opportunities in China and has broad market prospects. However, the characteristics of technical difficulty, loose organizational structure and uneven regional distribution limit the expansion of the nuclear power industry. This paper aims to a better understanding of the accumulation process for innovation capability from the perspective of network evolution and provides policy guidance for the market development of the nuclear power industry (NPI). Design/methodology/approach Methodologically, social network analysis is used to explore the co-evolution of multidimensional collaboration networks. First, the development and policy evolution of the NPI is introduced to divide the evolution periods. Then, the authors identify and analyze the core organizations, technologies and regions that promote nuclear power patent collaboration. Furthermore, three levels of collaboration networks based on organizations, technologies and regions are constructed to analyze the coevolution of patent networks in China’s NPI. Findings The results show that nuclear power enterprises always play the foremost role in the organizational collaboration network (OCN), and the dominance of foreign enterprises is replaced by Chinese state-owned enterprises in the third period. The technology hotspot has shifted from nuclear power plant construction to the control system. The regional collaboration network was initially formed in the coastal areas and gradually moved inland, with Guangdong and Beijing becoming the two cores of the network. The scale of three collaboration networks is still expanding but the speed has slowed down. Originality/value In response to the pain points of the NPI, this research focuses on multidimensional collaborative innovation, investigates the dynamic evolution process of collaborative innovation networks in China’s NPI and links policy evolution with network evolution creatively. The ultimate result not only helps nuclear power enterprises integrate innovative resources in complex environments but also promotes industrial upgrading and market development.

Measuring Unruh radiation from accelerated electrons

Detecting thermal Unruh radiation from accelerated electrons has presented a formidable challenge due not only to technical difficulties but also for lack of conceptual clarity about what is actually seen by a laboratory observer. We give a summary of the current interpretations along with a simpler heuristic description that draws on the analogy between the Unruh effect and radiation from a two-level atomic system. We propose an experiment to test whether there is emission of thermal photons from an accelerated electron.

Revealing the Optimization Route of Piezoelectric Sonosensitizers: From Mechanism to Engineering Methods.

Piezoelectric catalysis is a novel catalytic technology that has developed rapidly in recent years and has attracted extensive interest among researchers in the field of tumor therapy for its acoustic-sensitizing properties. Nevertheless, researchers are still controversial about the key technical difficulties in the modulation of piezoelectric sonosensitizers for tumor therapy applications, which is undoubtedly a major obstacle to the performance modulation of piezoelectric sonosensitizers. Clarification of this challenge will be beneficial to the design and optimization of piezoelectric sonosensitizers in the future. Here, the authors start from the mechanism of piezoelectric catalysis and elaborate the mechanism and methods of defect engineering and phase engineering for the performance modulation of piezoelectric sonosensitizers based on the energy band theory. The combined therapeutic strategy of piezoelectric sonosensitizers with enzyme catalysis and immunotherapy is introduced. Finally, the challenges and prospects of piezoelectric sonosensitizers are highlighted. Hopefully, the explorations can guide researchers toward the optimization of piezoelectric sonosensitizers and can be applied in their own research.

The Breast-Pectoralis Flap: A New Advance in Autologous Breast Reconstruction: A Preliminary Report on 20 Cases.

In the past, several publications have described breast reconstruction techniques using the contralateral breast; however, interest has diminished because of technical difficulty, scarring, and poor aesthetic results. This study aimed to present a new breast reconstruction technique that uses a combination of the breast-pectoralis flap and abdominal advancement flap. This retrospective study analyzed the results and complications of 20 consecutive breast reconstructions with the breast-pectoralis flap technique. The authors present a series of 20 breast reconstructions using the breast-pectoralis flap. Delayed breast reconstruction was performed in 13 (65%) cases, breast reconstruction in 5 (25%) patients with Poland syndrome, sequela correction after a chest wall sarcoma in 1 (5%), and sequela correction after breast cystic lymphangioma resection in 1 (5%). One complication required surgical reintervention without long-term consequences. The outcomes were considered very good in 50% of the cases, good in 45%, and fair in 5%. Breast-pectoralis flap associated with the abdominal advancement flap is an interesting advance in breast reconstruction. After the evaluation of the presented cases, we are considering widening the indications of this technique in our current practice.

Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Smart Trocar Site Modification in Patients with Extreme Obesity.

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is one of the most common bariatric surgeries performed worldwide. Although it has established itself as a satisfactory procedure on its own, it can also function as the first part of a two-stage treatment strategy. This is especially true in situations of extreme obesity (obesity grade IV or higher). One rationale for choosing a two-stage treatment is the technical difficulty of doing other types of bariatric procedures involving anastomoses due to body physique and level of visceral adiposity. LSG in patients with such a high body mass index (BMI) is comparatively simpler technically, but it does also have a degree of complexity for similar reasons. Here, we present an innovative port configuration for LSG that can significantly reduce ergonomic challenges and enhance the safety of the procedure in patients with extreme obesity. This new trocar site arrangement is generally suitable for individuals with grade IV obesity or above. It is especially effective for people with obesity at or above grade V. Only standard laparoscopic instruments are used. This design preserves the ideal manipulation and elevation angles at 60° and allows surgeons to use standard laparoscopic instruments with lowered shoulders, reducing muscular strain and fatigue. Additionally, it improves patient safety. In patients with extreme obesity, this proposed port configuration for LSG can significantly reduce ergonomic difficulties and increase surgical safety.

Increasing Students' Understanding by Using ICT in Elementary Schools

This study aims to explore students' experiences in using information and communication technology (ICT) in learning and how it can improve their understanding in primary school. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach, involving 12 students from an elementary school in X city. Data were collected by in-depth interviews and observations, the collected data were then analyzed using content analysis method to identify patterns, themes, and meanings from the generated data. The results showed that the use of ICT in learning provides a positive experience for students and can improve their understanding in various subjects. Students experience changes in the way they acquire and process information, as well as in the way they interact with teachers and classmates. In addition, the use of ICT also motivates students to be more active in learning and improves their learning outcomes. However, there are some barriers that students face in using ICT in learning, such as technical difficulties and limited access. Therefore, this study concludes that the use of ICT in learning can improve students' understanding, but it needs to be balanced with efforts to overcome the barriers that arise. The conclusion of this study explains that the application of Information and Commucation Technology (ICT)-based learning media in schoolchildren

Application of Many-Objective Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm and TOPSIS for Optimal Planning of DGS in Distribution Systems

The traditional planning of distribution networks is changing because of the accelerated expansion of distributed generation (DG) technologies in various capacities and forms. However, the improper integration of DGs in current distribution networks can give rise to several technical difficulties despite the advantages provided by distributed generation technologies. This paper presents the optimal DG planning in the distribution system using a Pareto-based many-objective arithmetic optimization algorithm (MOAOA) for optimal DG planning problems in the distribution system. This work focuses on improving four technical metrics related to distribution systems: mitigation of electrical energy not served (EENS), total voltage deviation (TVD) minimization, voltage stability index (VSI) maximization, and energy loss mitigation. Two scenarios are considered: the first scenario primarily focuses on optimal planning of DGs supporting active power only (e.g. Micro-Turbines DGs), and the second scenario focuses on optimal planning of DGs supporting both active and reactive power support (e.g. BIOMASS DGs). The optimal Pareto fronts between the competing objectives are generated using the Pareto-based MOAOA algorithm. The TOPSIS (a technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution) multi-criteria decision-making technique is utilized for selecting the best trade-off solution from the optimal Pareto front. The posited method is examined on two standard IEEE-69 bus distribution systems. The efficacy of the MOAOA is compared with the outcomes of MOPSO, MOGWO and NSGA-II.

Secure Organ Donation Management: Leveraging Ethereum Based Blockchain Technology for Trust and Efficiency

The complexity of organ donation and transplantation in today's healthcare systems need specialized methods at several stages, including registration, donor-recipient matching, organ retrieval, delivery, and transplantation. In order to ensure justice, efficiency, patient happiness, and confidence, a comprehensive solution is required to address the legal, clinical, ethical, and technical difficulties. This paper proposes to use a private Ethereum blockchain to create a decentralized, secure, traceable, auditable, private, and trustworthy system. By creating smart contracts and putting six algorithms into practice, we offer comprehensive insights into validation and testing. We demonstrate the efficacy of our suggested approach using a comparative analysis with current solutions andprivacy, security, and confidentiality studies. Adopting a private Ethereum blockchain- based solution also has benefits over conventional centralized systems. Decentralization lowers the possibility of bias or manipulation by ensuring that no one party controls the entire process. Furthermore, the immutability and transparency that come with blockchain technology improve confidence between all parties involved, including regulators, donors, beneficiaries, and medical experts. KEYWORDS: Blockchain, Organ Donation, Organ Transplantation, Decentralization, Smart Contracts, Ethereum, Traceability, Data Privacy And Security.

Implementing an electromagnetic tracking navigation system improves the precision of endoscopic transgastric necrosectomy in an ex vivo model

Endoscopic transgastric necrosectomy is crucial in the management of complications resulting from necrotizing pancreatitis. However, both real-time and visual-spatial information is lacking during the procedure, thereby jeopardizing a precise positioning of the endoscope. We conducted a proof-of-concept study with the aim of overcoming these technical difficulties. For this purpose, a three-dimensional (3D) phantom of a stomach and pancreatic necroses was 3D-printed based on spatial information from individual patient CT scans and subsequently integrated into a silicone torso. An electromagnetic (EM) sensor was adjusted inside the endoscope´s working channel. A software interface enabled real time visualization. The accuracy of this novel assistant system was tested ex vivo by four experienced interventional endoscopists who were supposed to reach seven targets inside the phantom in six different experimental runs of simulated endoscopic transgastric necrosectomy. Supported by endoscopic camera view combined with real-time 3D visualization, all endoscopists reached the targets with a targeting error ranging between 2.6 and 6.5 mm in a maximum of eight minutes. In summary, the EM tracking system might increase efficacy and safety of endoscopic transgastric necrosectomy at the experimental level by enhancing visualization. Yet, a broader feasibility study and further technical improvements are mandatory before aiming at implementation into clinical setting.

Determination of resistance at zero and infinite frequencies in bioimpedance spectroscopy for assessment of body composition in babies

Objective. Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) is a popular technique for the assessment of body composition in children and adults but has not found extensive use in babies and infants. This due primarily to technical difficulties of measurement in these groups. Although improvements in data modelling have, in part, mitigated this issue, the problem continues to yield unacceptably high rates of poor quality data. This study investigated an alternative data modelling procedure obviating issues associated with BIS measurements in babies and infants. Approach. BIS data are conventionally analysed according to the Cole model describing the impedance response of body tissues to an applied AC current. This approach is susceptible to errors due to capacitive leakage errors of measurement at high frequency. The alternative is to model BIS data based on the resistance–frequency spectrum rather than the reactance-resistance Cole model thereby avoiding capacitive error impacts upon reactance measurements. Main results. The resistance–frequency approach allowed analysis of 100% of data files obtained from BIS measurements in 72 babies compared to 87% successful analyses with the Cole model. Resistance–frequency modelling error (percentage standard error of the estimate) was half that of the Cole method. Estimated resistances at zero and infinite frequency were used to predict body composition. Resistance-based prediction of fat-free mass (FFM) exhibited a 30% improvement in the two-standard deviation limits of agreement with reference FFM measured by air displacement plethysmography when compared to Cole model-based predictions. Significance. This study has demonstrated improvement in the analysis of BIS data based on the resistance frequency response rather than conventional Cole modelling. This approach is recommended for use where BIS data are compromised by high frequency capacitive leakage errors such as those obtained in babies and infants.

Transforming construction: The growing role of mechatronics in building our infrastructure

Mechatronics, the synergistic integration of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, control engineering, and computer science, is progressively transforming the construction industry. This paper explores how mechatronic technologies are being applied across the construction lifecycle to enhance productivity, quality, safety, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness. Core mechatronic technologies changing construction include automated material handling systems, advanced construction robotics, sensor networks for monitoring, laser scanning for accurate modeling and control, and building information modeling (BIM) software. Mechatronics offers multifaceted benefits spanning from enhanced labor productivity and construction velocity to superior quality control, safety, and process optimization. However, realizing the immense potential of mechatronics in construction requires overcoming key challenges including high upfront costs, lack of technical skills, organizational resistance, integration difficulties, and reliability concerns. With thoughtful leadership and implementation, mechatronics promises to revolutionize construction, shifting it towards more automated, streamlined, and optimized techniques. This paper delineates the tremendous potential of mechatronics in construction regarding benefits, technologies, and challenges. The outlook is promising for intelligent mechatronic systems to profoundly enhance productivity, quality, and safety as construction progresses towards greater automation and optimization.

Endoscopic Retrolabyrinthine Craniotomy for Exposure of the Trigeminal Nerve Root Entry Zone: Volumetric Analysis of Anatomic Exposure in the Cadaver

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Exposure of the root entry zone (REZ) of the trigeminal nerve (TN) for microvascular decompression is commonly obtained with a retrosigmoid approach, with or without endoscopic assistance. We hypothesized that adequate exposure of the TN REZ could be obtained through an endoscopic retrolabyrinthine (RL) approach. We aim to quantify exposure of the REZ of the TN using endoscopic RL approach, with and without drilling of the suprameatal tubercle of the internal auditory canal. METHODS: Surgical dissection was performed bilaterally on 3 embalmed cadaveric human heads at the anatomy laboratory of the House Institute. Heads were scanned for volumetric analysis using 3D Slicer software both before and after dissection. Extent of exposure was quantified in 2 ways: first, by assessment of the surgeon's ability to visualize 16 predetermined anatomic landmarks with the endoscope and second, we estimated the “working” area by placing fiducials under the fully endoscopic view and calculating the resultant 3D volume. RESULTS: Using the standard endoscopic RL approach, an average of 13.8 landmarks (range 12-16) was visualized. The estimated working volume exposed by the RL on each side of each head varied from 189.28 to 527.85 mm3. Drilling of the suprameatal tubercle provided both increases in landmark visualization and, on average, an additional 55 mm3 of working volume. CONCLUSION: The endoscopic RL approach is a viable alternative to the standard retrosigmoid approach. Potential advantages of the RL include a more lateral trajectory that minimizes the need for cerebellar retraction and a shorter working distance and shallower angle to the cerebellopontine angle. Potential disadvantages include longer surgery time, increased technical difficulty of exposure, and potential for cerebrospinal fluid leak and or hearing loss.

Search for Chirality in Hydrogenated Magnesium Nanosilicates: A DFT and TD-DFT Investigation.

The formation of silicate grains in the interstellar medium (ISM), especially those containing chiral surfaces such as clinopyroxenes, is poorly understood. Moreover, silicate interactions with various forms of hydrogen-proton (H+), neutral H (HI), and molecular hydrogen (H2) are of high importance as hydrogen comprises >90% of the ISM gas budget, and these species play important roles in the formation of new molecules in space. Furthermore, silicate surfaces catalyze the formation of H2 in the interstellar medium formed on dust grain surfaces by H-H association. The technical difficulty of in situ laboratory investigations of nanosilicate nucleation using astrophysically relevant environmental conditions makes computational chemistry a useful tool for studying potential nanosilicate structures. Furthermore, chiral surfaces interacting with chiral organic molecules could serve as templates that lead to the enantiomeric excess of l-amino acids and d-polyols detected in carbonaceous meteorites. However, in order for this effect to take place, an excess of one chiral form of a mineral is required to break the symmetry. This symmetry-breaking event could have been due to the asymmetric absorption of circularly polarized light by the nanosilicate as it traverses star-forming regions. We investigate this possibility using a metastable chiral form of an enstatite dimer as an input for density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TD)-DFT calculations to obtain various properties and circular dichroism spectra. All in all, twenty-six magnesium nanosilicate structures were studied using varying degrees of hydrogenation: none, with HI, with H+, and with H2. The HSE06/aug-cc-pVQZ level of theory was used for the DFT calculations. TD-DFT calculations utilized the CAM-B3LYP/cc-pVQZ and ωB97X-D3/cc-pVQZ functional and basic set pairings. Results show that (1) all twenty-six structures have absorption bands that fall within the 0.6-28.3 μm range available with the newly launched James Webb Space Telescope and (2) there is a small enantioselective effect by UV-CPL on the eight chiral enstatite dimers (predicted g-values of up to 0.007). While the observed effect is small, it opens up the possibility that it is the inorganic material that becomes enantiomerically biased by UV-CPL, driving chiral enhancements in meteoric organic molecules.

The ChatGPT dilemma: unravelling teachers’ perspectives on inhibiting and motivating factors for adoption of ChatGPT

Purpose This study aims to address the existing knowledge gap by investigating teachers’ adoption of ChatGPT for educational purposes. The study specifically focuses on identifying the factors that motivate and inhibit teachers in adoption of ChatGPT in higher education institutions (HEIs). Design/methodology/approach This research has used interpretative phenomenological analysis – a qualitative approach. Through in-depth interviews among the teachers, data was collected to identify the motivating and inhibiting factors that impacted teachers’ willingness to adopt ChatGPT. The data was collected from 48 teachers working across HEIs of Uttarakhand region in India. Findings The analysis revealed seven themes under motivating factors that encourage teachers to adopt ChatGPT for their educational purposes. These include time factor, tool for competitive edge, learning enhancement tool for students, research facilitator, benefits in educational settings, troubleshooter and easy to use. On the other hand, inhibiting factors comprise five themes, which include technical difficulties, limited features for educational and research purposes, tool for handicapping innovation and creativity, lack of personal touch and ethical considerations. Practical implications The findings will be valuable for HEIs in establishing policies that promote the appropriate and effective use of ChatGPT. Moreover, the study provides recommendations to ChatGPT solution providers for improving ChatGPT services for effective adoption of ChatGPT among teachers and implementation at HEIs. Further, it contributes to the body of literature by filling a knowledge gap about teacher adoption of ChatGPT in the HEIs. Through qualitative research, the study has pinpointed specific motivating and inhibiting factors that affect teacher adoption of ChatGPT. Originality/value Unlike previous studies that primarily explored the potential advantages and drawbacks of ChatGPT in education, this research study delves deeper into the topic. It makes a substantial contribution to our understanding of ChatGPT adoption among teachers by identifying distinct factors that either motivate or inhibit teachers from adopting ChatGPT for job related purposes. The study provides novel insights that were previously mislaid, thereby introducing a fresh perspective to the existing literature